LIGHTWEIGHT WORK ROLL FLATTENING MODEL FOR SEVERE ROLLING CONDITIONS Rolling models assuming a circular deformed roll profile have been successfully used for many years. They are known to have deficiencies on hard materials, thin gauges and low reductions. Modern numerical models with fully elastic roll deformation are a solution, but the computational cost is too high to have widespread use. A simplified model is presented that captures the essential elements of the fully elastic deformed roll shape and can be applied on Bland-Ford-style rolling calculations.

STRIP TRANSPORT DIGITAL TWIN A strip transport digital twin simulates the process, equipment and control systems across a whole processing line based on the properties of the strip, the design of the equipment and regulation, and setup of the control. High-density recorded process data is used to tune the model for higher accuracy. Strip transport digital twins have proven valuable in a variety of applications related to tension setup and regulation, production capability, strip tracking, tension-related defects, roll wear and slip, equipment failures, and drive overloads. Digital twins are useful on both existing lines and in the design of new equipment.

NON-LINEAR BENDING CONTROL FOR TEMPER MILLS Although proper bending force is critical to maintaining good strip shape, temper mill bending control is often relatively simplistic. This paper presents the sources of bending- related shape defects and the solutions used to overcome them.

OPTIMIZING FOR MILL HOUSING DEFLECTION WITH ANALYTICAL EQUATIONS Mill stretch is an important parameter in achieving accurate gauge control in rolling. Vertical mill housing deflections are an important component of total mill deflection. Horizontal mill housing deflections are an important in controlling clearance between roll chocks and window liners. Building on prior work, improved analytical housing deflection equations have been derived by including the shear deflection component. Both vertical and horizontal deflections show good agreement with finite element analysis providing opportunities to optimize window setup, control and housing design.